|
|
Artificial Immune Systems for Spam Detection
Hohn, Michal ; Sekanina, Lukáš (referee) ; Schwarz, Josef (advisor)
This work deals with creating a hybrid system based on the aggregation of artificial immune system with appropriate heuristics to make the most effective spam detection. This work describes the main principles of biological and artificial immune system and conventional techniques to detect spam including several classifiers. The developed system is tested using well known database corpuses and a comparison of the final experiments is made.
|
|
|
Complex Evaluation of Immune Defects in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Vodárek, Pavel ; Belada, David (advisor) ; Doubek, Michael (referee) ; Papajík, Tomáš (referee)
Complex evaluation of immune defects in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia MUDr. Pavel Vodárek Abstract of dissertation thesis Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with significant combined immunodeficiency. Amongst most important immune defects are hypogammaglobulinemia and changes in relative and absolute counts of different lymphocyte populations and subsets. As consequence of these changes, there can be higher frequency of infections and progression of CLL itself. The impact of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) on immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and lymphocyte populations has not been extensively studied. In this dissertation thesis, we analysed Ig levels and lymphocyte populations (using flow cytometry) in 45 patients with indolent untreated CLL and 90 patients with progressive disease indicated for treatment. In 58 patients, we evaluated the impact of first-line CIT. For lymphocyte populations' analysis, we had also cohort of 34 healthy controls. Patients with progressive disease had significantly lower levels of all Ig classes and subclasses than patients with inactive disease: IgG, median 6.96 vs. 9.86 g/l, p=0.0001; IgA, median 0.63 vs. 1.53 g/l, p<0.0001; IgM, median 0.36 vs. 0.57 g/l, p=0.0035. After treatment, median IgA increased from 0.59 g/l to 0.74 g/l (p=0.0031). Other Ig classes and...
|
|
|
Tumor Specific Signaling in T-Cell Lymphoma
Kulinich, Viktoriia ; Havránek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kužílková, Daniela (referee)
T lymphomas are malignant tumors arising from T cells; they represent a rare variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. As in other cancers, tumor T cells need to modify their signaling to support their growth and survival. T-lymphoma tumor cells are capable to adapt various signaling cascades important also in normal healthy T cells to their benefit. The aim of this work is to summarize tumor-specific signaling typical for different types of T-cell lymphomas; both, identical to the signaling of normal T lymphocytes and altered by tumor specific somatic mutations. Detailed focus is on T lymphoma most frequent and important alterations and signaling pathways. These are specifically alterations of signaling pathways associated with T-cell receptor, JAK/STAT cytokine signaling, and Notch signaling. These pathways are particularly important for the differentiation and growth of T lymphocytes in general, therefore, it is not surprising that these pathways are also often pathologically activated or deactivated in tumor cells. Keywords: lymphocytes, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, T-cell receptor, leukemia, JAK/STAT signaling, Notch signaling, oncogenic signaling pathways
|
|
|
Microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases
Gajdárová, Zuzana ; Kostovčíková, Klára (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an autoimmune illnesses affecting gastrointestinal tract. The main types include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recently, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has also been associated with IBD. PSC is a chronic liver disease associated with bile duct stenosis. The exact pathogenesis and etiology of these diseases is not clear, despite the great efforts of the scientific community. They are multifactorial diseases that are associated with dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota. Their diagnosis is based on for patients unpleasant endoscopic examinations and therefore the search for new serum biomarkers is needed and appreciated target of scientific interest. In the first part of diploma thesis, we focused on the reactivity of peripheral blood cells of IBD patients to 10 selected representatives of typical intestinal microbiota: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Blautia coccoides, Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Prevotella ruminicola and Escherichia coli. Reactivity of CD, UC and PSC- IBD patients was increased after stimulation with Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus and Prevotella. However, we got low percentage of cytokine-producing cells,...
|
|
|
The role of the cellular prion protein in the cells of the immune system
Havlík, Martin ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Pačes, Jan (referee) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
Prion protein (PrPC) is connected with the origin of transmissive spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), fatal diseases that are on the molecular level based on the conversion of the cellular form of prion protein, PrPC, into the infectious form, PrPTSE. This isoform, exhibiting increased resistance against proteases and common decontamination methods, accumulates in tissues and causes degenerative damages of the central nervous system. Potential physiological function of PrPC in cells remains unclear, though many efforts have been focused on this research area in past years. Expression of PrPC was detected especially in neurons, high levels of PrPC are also present in different types of cells of immune system. Whereas some immunocompetent cells were widely examined, the relationship of PrPC with the function of others was not studied. PrPC probably plays a role in differentiation and activation of some immune cells, participates in regulation of cytokine production and other immune processes, affects grow of CD4+ T-cell population and also takes a part in formation of secondary lymphatic organs. This bachelor thesis is focused on summarization of existing knowledge describing the role of the cellular prion protein in cells of immune system, which is important also from the point of view of diagnosis...
|
|
|
Immunoprotective properties of Sertoli cells
Porubská, Bianka ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells located in the male reproductive organs- testes. Everyday, understanding of their function and their role in spermatogenesis becomes better elucidated and there is no doubt that reproduction and continuity of the kind would be impaired in the absence of SCs. SCs are not only able to influence spermatogenesis they also significantly modulate immune system. Both cell and humoral component of immune system are affected after SCs application and SCs thus protect not only themselves, but also other co-transplanted cells. Modulation of response of innate and adaptive component of immune system may play a key role in the treatment of several diseases. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Artificial Immune Systems for Spam Detection
Hohn, Michal ; Sekanina, Lukáš (referee) ; Schwarz, Josef (advisor)
This work deals with creating a hybrid system based on the aggregation of artificial immune system with appropriate heuristics to make the most effective spam detection. This work describes the main principles of biological and artificial immune system and conventional techniques to detect spam including several classifiers. The developed system is tested using well known database corpuses and a comparison of the final experiments is made.
|
|
|
Differences in lymphocyte morfology of children and adults
ZMEŠKALOVÁ, Dagmar
Lymphocytes belong among white blood cells and they are involved in the body defense reactions. With other cells they create the human immunity system. In blood counts they are included in the differential leukocyte budget. Morphology of lymphocytes is evaluated in the microscope. The evaluation of morphology is an important aspect in distinguishing a normal state from a state that is caused by infection or hematological diagnosis. In this dissertation I will be dealing with the percentage of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood from birth to adulthood, measuring cell size and morphology evaluation of four types of cells: normal lymphocytes, atypical small lymphocytes which resemble "hematogones" , atypical large reactive lymphocytes with nucleus changes and esp. in the cytoplasm and and large granular lymphocytes (ie. LGL). On each lymphocyte I also used special staining for visualisation of the nucleoli for evaluation of three types of them - ringed, large and micronucleoli and number of nucleoli in cells. The purpose of this work is a microscopic comparison of the number of lymphocytes, their size, type and type of nucleus as it varies depending at the age from birth to adulthood.
|
|
|
Ontogeny of T- and B- cells in swine
Šinkora, Marek
Recent molecular and functional studies from our laboratory elucidate key aspects in development of porcine T and B lymphocytes including their ontogeny, behavior, fate, subset discrimination, repertoire and specificity of their cell surface receptors. Our results indicate that rather then immune system of swine is unique its understanding may help to elucidate and elaborate some general assumption and hypothesis based by examination of limited number of species such as humans or rodents
|
|
| |
guest ::
